Free library

Job roles & functions

Clear role definitions for small businesses: what each role is for, what it owns, what good looks like, and what capabilities it needs. Treat these as functions that can be combined, outsourced, or split — not a hiring checklist. Example expectations are starting points; set your own targets.

Cross-industry

Operations Manager

Keeps daily work flowing: coordinates people, schedules, resources and problem-solving so the owner is not the bottleneck.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Plan and coordinate daily operations and priorities
  • Manage schedules, capacity and resource allocation
  • Track performance and remove blockers
  • Support budgeting and cost control

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • On-time delivery
  • Rework rate
  • Capacity utilization
  • Operating margin contribution

Required capabilities

  • Prioritization and planning
  • Leadership and clear communication
  • Problem-solving under time pressure

Helpful, not required

  • Budgeting experience
  • Process improvement methods

Typical tools: Scheduling, Dashboards, Accounting/ERP · Reports to: Owner / General Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 11-1021
Cross-industry

Bookkeeper

Keeps the financial records accurate so decisions, taxes and cash planning rest on real numbers.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Record and classify transactions
  • Reconcile bank and credit accounts on schedule
  • Verify postings and resolve discrepancies
  • Maintain organized financial records

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Reconciliations completed on schedule
  • Posting errors
  • Unresolved discrepancies

Required capabilities

  • Numerical accuracy
  • Accounting software competence
  • Confidentiality

Helpful, not required

  • Payroll or sales-tax familiarity
  • Spreadsheet skills

Typical tools: Accounting software, Spreadsheets, Banking portals · Reports to: Owner / Controller

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-3031
Cross-industry

Customer Service Representative

Protects revenue and reputation by answering questions, resolving problems and documenting every interaction.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Answer inquiries by phone, email or chat
  • Document interactions and resolutions
  • Handle complaints and billing issues
  • Escalate unresolved cases with context

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Response and resolution time
  • Customer satisfaction
  • Reopened cases

Required capabilities

  • Listening and clear communication
  • Service judgment
  • Patience under pressure

Helpful, not required

  • CRM experience
  • De-escalation training

Typical tools: Help desk, CRM, Phone/chat · Reports to: Service / Operations Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-4051
Cross-industry

Sales Representative

Fills the pipeline and converts interest into revenue while setting honest expectations with customers.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Prospect and qualify new opportunities
  • Understand customer needs and prepare proposals
  • Negotiate terms within set authority
  • Follow up after the sale

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Qualified pipeline
  • Conversion rate
  • Follow-up completion
  • Revenue and gross margin

Required capabilities

  • Product/service knowledge
  • Persuasion and listening
  • Record keeping

Helpful, not required

  • CRM discipline
  • Industry contacts

Typical tools: CRM, Quoting, E-signature · Reports to: Sales Manager / Owner

Occupational reference: O*NET 41-3091
Cross-industry

Marketing Coordinator

Keeps marketing consistent and measurable: campaigns go out on time and results are tracked.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Coordinate campaigns and content schedules
  • Support market and customer research
  • Track trends and measure marketing effectiveness
  • Maintain brand consistency across channels

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Qualified leads
  • Campaign delivery on schedule
  • Cost per qualified lead

Required capabilities

  • Writing and communication
  • Campaign coordination
  • Basic analytics

Helpful, not required

  • Design tools
  • Email marketing platforms

Typical tools: Email marketing, CMS, Analytics, Design tools · Reports to: Marketing Lead / Owner

Occupational reference: O*NET 13-1161
Cross-industry

Office Administrator

Keeps records, calendars, correspondence and supplies organized so the rest of the team can focus on their work.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Maintain records, files and correspondence
  • Manage calendars and scheduling
  • Order supplies and coordinate vendors
  • Keep information flowing to the right people

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Scheduling/document errors
  • Turnaround time
  • Records completeness

Required capabilities

  • Organization
  • Document accuracy
  • Office software proficiency

Helpful, not required

  • Bookkeeping basics
  • Vendor management

Typical tools: Office suite, Calendars, Document storage · Reports to: Office / Operations Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-6014
Cross-industry

HR Generalist

Handles hiring, onboarding, employment records and employee concerns with confidentiality and consistency.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Coordinate hiring and onboarding
  • Maintain employment records
  • Interpret and apply policies consistently
  • Address employee concerns and route issues

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Onboarding completion
  • Records accuracy
  • Case-response timeliness

Required capabilities

  • Confidentiality and judgment
  • Employment-practice knowledge
  • Clear documentation

Helpful, not required

  • HR certification
  • Payroll familiarity

Typical tools: HRIS, Applicant tracking, Training systems · Reports to: HR Lead / Owner

Occupational reference: O*NET 13-1071
Cross-industry

Project Manager

Delivers defined work on time and on budget by coordinating scope, people, schedule and risk.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Define requirements and acceptance criteria
  • Coordinate resources, schedules and budgets
  • Monitor milestones and manage changes
  • Communicate status to stakeholders

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Milestones met
  • Budget variance
  • Deliverable acceptance
  • Change control discipline

Required capabilities

  • Planning and organization
  • Stakeholder communication
  • Risk and problem management

Helpful, not required

  • Formal PM methods
  • Estimating experience

Typical tools: Project management, Scheduling, Cost tracking · Reports to: Sponsor / Operations Director

Occupational reference: O*NET 13-1082
Cross-industry

Payroll Coordinator

Pays people accurately and on time, and keeps payroll records clean and confidential.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Verify time entries and adjustments
  • Calculate pay and deductions
  • Process payroll on schedule
  • Reconcile reports and resolve discrepancies

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • On-time payroll
  • Correction rate
  • Reconciliation completion

Required capabilities

  • Accuracy
  • Confidentiality
  • Payroll-rule knowledge

Helpful, not required

  • Multi-state payroll exposure
  • Timekeeping systems

Typical tools: Payroll, Timekeeping, Spreadsheets · Reports to: Finance / HR Lead

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-3051
Cross-industry

Billing / Accounts Receivable Coordinator

Turns completed work into collected cash: accurate invoices go out fast and overdue balances get followed up.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Validate billing data and issue invoices
  • Maintain supporting records
  • Resolve invoice discrepancies
  • Track and follow up overdue receivables

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Billing lag (work done → invoice sent)
  • Invoice accuracy
  • Overdue receivables

Required capabilities

  • Numerical accuracy
  • Professional customer communication
  • Persistence

Helpful, not required

  • Collections experience
  • Payment systems

Typical tools: Billing/accounting, Payment systems · Reports to: Finance Lead / Bookkeeper

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-3021
Cross-industry

Purchasing / Procurement Coordinator

Gets the right materials at the right price and time so work never stalls waiting on supplies.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Prepare purchase orders
  • Compare suppliers and pricing
  • Track deliveries and check incoming goods
  • Resolve shortages and discrepancies

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Supplier on-time delivery
  • Stockouts
  • Purchase-order accuracy

Required capabilities

  • Specification checking
  • Vendor coordination
  • Organization

Helpful, not required

  • Negotiation
  • Inventory systems

Typical tools: Purchasing/inventory, Spreadsheets · Reports to: Operations / Finance Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-3061
Cross-industry

IT Support Coordinator

Keeps equipment, accounts and software working so technology problems don't stop the business.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Set up equipment and software accounts
  • Diagnose and resolve user problems
  • Maintain support records
  • Train users and escalate technical issues

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Resolution time
  • Repeat incidents
  • Setup readiness for new hires

Required capabilities

  • Troubleshooting
  • User communication
  • Documentation

Helpful, not required

  • Device administration
  • Security basics

Typical tools: Ticketing, Remote support, Device administration · Reports to: IT Lead / Operations Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 15-1232
Trades & field services

Service Technician

Diagnoses, repairs and documents field work so jobs are fixed right the first time.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Diagnose, install, repair and test equipment
  • Complete work orders and service records
  • Follow safety procedures on site
  • Communicate findings and options to customers

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • First-time fix rate
  • Callbacks
  • Arrival reliability
  • Complete service records

Required capabilities

  • Trade diagnostics and repair
  • Safety practices
  • Accurate documentation

Helpful, not required

  • Trade license/certification
  • Customer communication

Typical tools: Field-service scheduling, Diagnostic instruments, Mobile work orders · Reports to: Service Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 49-9021
Trades & field services

Service Coordinator / Dispatcher

Matches the right technician to the right job at the right time, and keeps customers informed.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Schedule customer work and coordinate technician availability
  • Route jobs efficiently
  • Communicate arrival windows and changes
  • Track job status through completion

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Schedule adherence
  • Drive time between jobs
  • Customer notification timeliness

Required capabilities

  • Scheduling and logistics
  • Calm phone communication
  • Local geography knowledge

Helpful, not required

  • Field-service software
  • Basic trade vocabulary

Typical tools: Field-service scheduling, Maps/routing, Phone/SMS · Reports to: Operations Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-5032
Retail & e-commerce

Store / Shift Supervisor

Runs the floor: staff, cash, stock and customer issues handled without escalating everything to the owner.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Supervise sales staff during the shift
  • Reconcile cash and handle discrepancies
  • Manage stock, schedules and displays
  • Resolve customer issues within authority

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Sales and margin
  • Cash variance
  • Stock accuracy
  • Service quality

Required capabilities

  • Frontline leadership
  • Cash handling accuracy
  • Judgment within set authority

Helpful, not required

  • Merchandising
  • Loss prevention awareness

Typical tools: POS, Inventory, Scheduling · Reports to: Store Manager / Owner

Occupational reference: O*NET 41-1011
Retail & e-commerce

E-commerce Operations Specialist

Keeps the online store accurate: listings, orders, inventory and shipping all match reality.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Manage orders, payments and shipping handoff
  • Maintain product listings, images and pricing
  • Sync inventory across channels
  • Handle order issues, cancellations and returns

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Listing accuracy
  • Order accuracy
  • Dispatch timeliness
  • Return/cancellation rate

Required capabilities

  • Attention to detail
  • Storefront/marketplace platforms
  • Spreadsheet comfort

Helpful, not required

  • Basic product photography/copy
  • Shipping carrier tools

Typical tools: Storefront, Marketplace, Order/inventory management, Shipping tools · Reports to: E-commerce Manager / Owner

Occupational reference: O*NET 13-1199.06
Food service

Cook / Prep Cook

Produces consistent, safe food by following recipes, temperatures and rotation every shift.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Prepare food following recipes and portion standards
  • Maintain safe temperatures and logs
  • Rotate ingredients (first in, first out)
  • Clean and sanitize preparation areas

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Food-safety compliance
  • Order accuracy
  • Ticket time
  • Waste

Required capabilities

  • Recipe following
  • Food-safety practices
  • Knife/equipment safety

Helpful, not required

  • Food handler certification
  • Allergen awareness

Typical tools: Kitchen equipment, Thermometers, Recipe/temperature logs, POS · Reports to: Chef / Kitchen Manager

Occupational reference: O*NET 35-2014
Food service

Kitchen / Shift Lead

Coordinates the shift: production, staffing gaps and quality checks so service runs smoothly.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Coordinate production and station assignments
  • Check quality before food leaves the kitchen
  • Handle staffing gaps and rush priorities
  • Verify opening/closing and safety checklists

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Ticket times during rush
  • Quality-check pass rate
  • Checklist completion

Required capabilities

  • Working knowledge of every station
  • Calm under pressure
  • Food-safety certification

Helpful, not required

  • Inventory and ordering
  • Training new staff

Typical tools: POS, Checklists, Temperature logs · Reports to: Kitchen Manager / Owner

Occupational reference: O*NET 35-1012
Professional services

Client Service Coordinator

Owns client intake, scheduling and communication so professionals spend their time on billable work.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Run new-client intake and collect documents
  • Schedule meetings and manage calendars
  • Track deliverable deadlines and remind owners
  • Keep client records complete and current

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Intake completeness
  • Deadline misses
  • Client response time

Required capabilities

  • Organization
  • Professional communication
  • Confidentiality

Helpful, not required

  • Practice-management software
  • Basic industry vocabulary

Typical tools: Practice management, Scheduling, Document storage · Reports to: Practice Owner / Engagement Lead

Occupational reference: O*NET 43-6014
Professional services

Paralegal / Legal Assistant

Researches, organizes and drafts case materials so attorneys review instead of assemble.

Responsibilities, expectations & capabilities

Owns

  • Research and organize case materials
  • Draft and format documents for review
  • Maintain case files and deadlines
  • Coordinate filings and correspondence

Example expectations (set your own targets)

  • Deadline accuracy
  • Review/rework rate
  • File completeness

Required capabilities

  • Legal research and writing
  • Attention to detail
  • Confidentiality

Helpful, not required

  • Paralegal certificate
  • E-filing experience

Typical tools: Legal research, Document systems, Time/billing · Reports to: Responsible Attorney

Occupational reference: O*NET 23-2011

Ready-made SOP starting points

A standard operating procedure is a controlled set of written instructions for how a recurring activity is performed, by whom, and to what quality standard — so work is done consistently. These templates are best-practice starting points: adapt them to your actual workflow, local laws and safety requirements before relying on them.

Trades & field services

Service Call Intake & Dispatch

From customer call to technician on site: capture the problem, schedule the right tech, confirm the window, and close the loop.

Read the full SOP
# Service Call Intake & Dispatch ## Purpose Ensure every service request is captured completely, scheduled with the right technician, and confirmed with the customer — no lost calls, no surprises. ## Scope & Applicability Applies to all incoming service requests by phone, email, or web form. Excludes emergency after-hours calls, which follow the on-call procedure. ## Roles & Responsibilities - **Dispatcher/Coordinator:** captures the request, schedules, confirms, and tracks to completion. - **Technician:** keeps availability current and reports job status. - **Owner/Manager:** handles escalations and pricing exceptions. ## Prerequisites (Tools, Access, Inputs) - Scheduling/field-service system access - Current technician availability and skill list - Standard pricing or estimate guidelines ## Procedure (Step-by-Step) ### Step 1 — Capture the request - Record customer name, address, contact, equipment/problem description, and urgency. - Ask for photos when they would help diagnosis. - **Verify:** all required fields complete before scheduling. ### Step 2 — Triage and schedule - Classify urgency (emergency / this week / routine). - Match the job to a technician with the right skills and parts likelihood. - Offer the customer a arrival window, not an exact minute. - **Verify:** technician acknowledges the assignment. ### Step 3 — Confirm with the customer - Send confirmation with date, window, technician name, and what to expect. - Send a reminder the day before. - **Verify:** customer confirmed; reschedule if not reached. ### Step 4 — Day-of coordination - Notify the customer when the technician is en route. - Monitor job status; re-route if a prior job runs long. - **Verify:** no job sits unassigned or uncommunicated. ### Step 5 — Close the loop - Confirm completion, review the technician's notes, and flag follow-up work. - Queue the invoice and any follow-up appointment. - **Verify:** work order complete with notes and photos. ## Quality Checks & Acceptance Criteria - 100% of requests logged the same day - Customer confirmed before the truck rolls - Work order notes complete before invoicing ## Exceptions & Escalation - No technician available in the promised window → offer the customer options, escalate to the manager. - Emergency with no on-call tech → follow the escalation list; never promise what you can't staff. ## KPIs & Metrics - Schedule adherence, customer notification timeliness, first-time fix rate, callback rate. ## Revision History - v1.0 — Initial best-practice template. Adapt to your workflow before use.
Retail & e-commerce

Daily Opening, Closing & Cash Reconciliation

Open the store ready to sell, close it reconciled and secure: cash counted twice, discrepancies flagged same day.

Read the full SOP
# Daily Opening, Closing & Cash Reconciliation ## Purpose Start every day ready to sell and end it with cash reconciled, the store secure, and discrepancies flagged before they compound. ## Scope & Applicability Applies to each trading day and every register. Online orders follow the fulfillment procedure. ## Roles & Responsibilities - **Supervisor:** owns opening/closing checklists and final reconciliation. - **Cashier/Associate:** counts their drawer at shift start and end. - **Owner:** reviews discrepancies above the set threshold. ## Prerequisites (Tools, Access, Inputs) - POS access with per-drawer reporting - Starting float amount defined by the owner - Safe access limited to authorized staff ## Procedure (Step-by-Step) ### Step 1 — Opening - Walk the floor: lights, temperature, hazards, displays restocked. - Count each drawer's starting float with the cashier; both sign. - **Verify:** float matches the standard amount. ### Step 2 — During the day - Run scheduled stock and tidiness checks. - Log any voids, refunds, or no-sales with a reason. - **Verify:** voids/refunds have supervisor approval. ### Step 3 — Closing count - Count each drawer with the cashier; record the counted total. - Pull the POS expected total for each drawer. - **Verify:** counted vs. expected variance calculated per drawer. ### Step 4 — Reconcile and secure - Investigate variances over the owner-set threshold the same day. - Deposit prepared per banking schedule; store secured per checklist. - **Verify:** reconciliation sheet signed by supervisor. ## Quality Checks & Acceptance Criteria - Every drawer counted twice daily (open + close) - All variances documented with a reason or flagged for review - No cash left unsecured ## Exceptions & Escalation - Variance over threshold → notify the owner the same day; do not adjust records to force a match. - Suspected theft → preserve records and follow the owner's incident process. ## KPIs & Metrics - Cash variance per drawer, void/refund rate, checklist completion. ## Revision History - v1.0 — Initial best-practice template. Adapt to your workflow before use.
Food service

Daily Food Safety & Temperature Checks

Temperature logs, rotation, and sanitation checks every shift — a starting point, not a substitute for your required food-safety plan.

Read the full SOP
# Daily Food Safety & Temperature Checks ## Purpose Keep food safe every shift through documented temperature checks, correct storage rotation, and sanitation — and catch problems while they can still be fixed. ## Scope & Applicability Applies to all food storage, preparation, and holding areas, every shift. **This template supports — and does not replace — a HACCP-based food-safety plan or local health-code requirements.** ## Roles & Responsibilities - **Shift Lead:** performs or assigns checks, reviews logs, orders corrective actions. - **Cooks/Prep:** complete assigned checks and report issues immediately. - **Manager/Owner:** reviews logs weekly and handles repeated failures. ## Prerequisites (Tools, Access, Inputs) - Calibrated thermometers at each station - Temperature log sheets or digital logging - Cleaning and sanitizing supplies per label instructions ## Procedure (Step-by-Step) ### Step 1 — Start of shift - Check and log temperatures of all refrigerators, freezers, and hot-holding units. - Confirm sanitizer concentration and clean towel buckets. - **Verify:** every unit within your set limits; investigate any out-of-range unit before storing food in it. ### Step 2 — Receiving and storage - Check delivery temperatures; reject out-of-range product. - Label and date all items; rotate first in, first out. - **Verify:** raw products stored below and separate from ready-to-eat foods. ### Step 3 — During service - Check holding and cooking temperatures at set intervals per your food-safety plan. - Record corrective actions (reheat, discard) for any miss — never just re-log a passing number. - **Verify:** logs current at every interval. ### Step 4 — End of shift - Final temperature check and log review. - Clean and sanitize surfaces and equipment per schedule. - **Verify:** shift lead signs the completed log. ## Quality Checks & Acceptance Criteria - Logs complete for every unit, every interval, every shift - Corrective actions documented, not hidden - No expired or unlabeled product in storage ## Exceptions & Escalation - Equipment failure → move food to a working unit, tag the unit out, call for repair, document. - Repeated failures → manager reviews process and training, not just the log. ## KPIs & Metrics - Log completion rate, out-of-range incidents, corrective actions, waste from discards. ## Revision History - v1.0 — Initial best-practice template. Confirm against your local health code and food-safety plan before use.
Professional services

New Client Intake & Onboarding

From signed engagement to working file: collect documents, set expectations, schedule kickoff, and hand off clean to the professional.

Read the full SOP
# New Client Intake & Onboarding ## Purpose Start every engagement the same way: complete documents, clear expectations, and a clean handoff — so professionals do billable work, not chasing paperwork. ## Scope & Applicability Applies to every new client engagement after the agreement is signed. Conflict checks and engagement terms happen before this procedure. ## Roles & Responsibilities - **Coordinator:** runs intake, collects documents, schedules kickoff, maintains the client record. - **Responsible professional:** defines scope-specific document needs and leads the kickoff. - **Owner:** approves exceptions to standard terms. ## Prerequisites (Tools, Access, Inputs) - Signed engagement agreement - Intake checklist and document request template - Practice-management / CRM access ## Procedure (Step-by-Step) ### Step 1 — Open the client file - Create the client record from the signed agreement: contacts, scope, deadlines, billing terms. - **Verify:** record complete before any work is scheduled. ### Step 2 — Send the document request - Send the standard request list plus scope-specific items. - Give a clear due date and a secure upload method. - **Verify:** every item received or explicitly waived by the professional. ### Step 3 — Schedule and run kickoff - Schedule within the promised window; send agenda in advance. - Cover scope, timeline, communication cadence, and who to contact for what. - **Verify:** kickoff notes filed in the client record. ### Step 4 — Hand off to delivery - Confirm the professional has everything needed to start. - Set the first deliverable deadline and reminder. - **Verify:** professional confirms readiness; intake marked complete. ## Quality Checks & Acceptance Criteria - No work starts before the file and documents are complete - Kickoff held within the promised window - Client knows their contacts and the communication cadence ## Exceptions & Escalation - Client unresponsive on documents → follow the reminder sequence, then alert the professional before deadlines slip. - Scope questions during intake → route to the responsible professional; the coordinator does not interpret scope. ## KPIs & Metrics - Intake completeness, days from signature to kickoff, document chase count per client. ## Revision History - v1.0 — Initial best-practice template. Adapt to your workflow before use.

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